Jasmine Stirling is the award-winning author of A Most Clever Girl: How Jane Austen Discovered Her Voice (Bloomsbury, 2021). Her next book: Dare to Question, about how undercover rebel Carrie Chapman Catt and her life partner Mary “Mollie” Hay made suffrage fashionable and fun, comes out in 2023. She’s now writing a book about a peasant woman who, while disguised as a man, became one of the world’s greatest botanists and explorers. Jasmine lives in an old house in San Francisco with her spouse, two daughters, and their absurdly adorable dog. She can often be spotted checking out enormous stacks of books from her local library.

What typically comes first for you: a character? An era? A story idea? How do you proceed from there?

All of the above. Thus far, I have written three nonfiction picture book biographies for publication as well as one YA narrative nonfiction title that isn’t quite finished. 

I got the idea for one of my books from listening to a Radiolab podcast. For another project, I took inspiration from an adult novel I loved (The Signature of All Things, by Elizabeth Gilbert) and decided I wanted to find a real figure in history that was somewhat like Gilbert’s fictional protagonist. For my debut, I wanted to learn more about Jane Austen, and help make her work more accessible and intriguing to young readers. It took a couple years of reading and thinking before I figured out the story that I wanted to tell about Austen’s life and work. 

All of these books began with an intuitive spark: the feeling of falling in love with a subject or story.

How do you conduct your research? 

Where possible, I rely on primary sources, such as letters housed by the Library of Congress, newspaper articles in online databases like Newspapers.com, and books published by the person I’m writing about (or someone who knew them). I reach out to scholars who are experts in the subject I am studying to ask them questions, get their thoughts about points I’m struggling with, and get their feedback on my work. I utilize the NYPL Ask a Librarian service, having them pull up resources such as atlases for specific roads on specific dates. 

I partner with my alma mater and local university, where I have a library pass as a visiting researcher, and thereby have access to a staff of academic librarians who collaborate with research institutions to get me materials that are otherwise challenging to acquire. I request materials that are on microfiche at the Library of Congress and have them transferred to my local library so that I can view the source material. I use Link+ in my public library system to get rare books from special collections. I use all kinds of online databases like JSTOR, and dig into oral histories in special collections. I work with local and regional centers dedicated to the person or topic that I am investigating.

I have hunted down and contacted living relatives closely related to people who made history at the turn of the century, and as a result have gotten access to materials that are not yet in museum collections or local archives. 

I have contacted the staff at historic hotels and asked them to go into the hotel room in which I know someone stayed, and had them take a photo of the view from that room, enabling me to write accurately about what the person saw when they looked out the window. I’ve had the same staff pull documents from their archives (such as hotel brochures) and corroborate accounts of who stayed in which hotel rooms, used which conference rooms, etc. during events that took place 100 years ago. 

I have hired researchers to go into archives that are not online, such as The Brooke Russell Astor Reading Room for Rare Books and Manuscripts at the NYPL, asking them to access specific speeches and letters and take photographs of them for me. 

I’ve found that most of the time, people are excited to connect, help, and collaborate. 

Do you have a specific system for collecting data? 

I do not, except to say that if I want a piece of information so that I can tell my story in a particular way (by commenting on the weather at a key moment, for example), I go after it. If I can’t find it, I leave it out.

How long do you typically research before beginning to draft?

That depends on what is available and the length of the work. If know my story arc in advance, I will not spend too much time on researching ahead of time, because I don’t want to forget things and have to go back. I’m more likely to outline my project using chapter titles and then do the research for each chapter as I write, so that my work is as accurate as possible. If I am unsure what my story arc is going to be, I spend a lot more time doing broad research (sometimes months or longer) in an effort to figure out if there is a compelling story arc in the person’s life history that I wish to pursue as a book.

At what point do you feel comfortable beginning to draft? How does your research continue once you begin writing?

I might start a draft after reading a few secondary sources, or I might need more time, depending on how obvious the story arc and its themes are. I always research as I write. I always re-write, often extensively, and I often throw out whole drafts and start over. 

What is your favorite thing about research?

I love getting lost in the colorful, jaw-dropping, and beautiful stories of people who led fabulous, meaningful, and impactful lives. I love imagining the worlds they lived in. I often feel like my subjects are my friends. They keep me company and offer me strength and hope in a world that can sometimes feel scary and overwhelming.

What’s your least favorite thing about research?

I agonize over getting things right, and nearly always worry (or believe) that I have missed things, misrepresented things, or not done my subject justice. I have many fears related to writing nonfiction, including concerns about my biases (as an educated, first world, White woman). I rely heavily on sensitivity readers and subject matter experts, but these issues keep me up at night.

I also struggle with the picture book format, because I uncover so many fascinating things during my research that simply cannot fit into this format.

It’s so fun to have Kate Hannigan here today to discuss her newest picture book, Nellie vs. Elizabeth: Two Daredevil Journalists’ Breakneck Race around the World. Kate, can you tell us about your book?

From my publisher, Calkins Creek: In this real-life adventure, daredevil and groundbreaking journalists Nellie Bly and Elizabeth Bisland race against each other–and the clock–as they circle the globe by ship, train, and foot. Join these two stereotype-shattering reporters as they prove that not only is traveling around the world possible, but that women are just as curious, capable, and courageous as any man.

Nellie Bly was an energetic and eager reporter, but she wasn’t able to think of a good story for her editors. Wishing she was on the other end of the earth, Nellie had an inspiration–she would travel around the world, just like in the fictional adventure book AROUND THE WORLD IN EIGHTY DAYS. When a fellow journalist, Elizabeth Bisland, heard about Nellie’s plans, she decided to up the stakes–by beating Nellie in her own race!

This exciting American history story about two pioneering women who paved the way for equality will inspire young readers.

On November 14, 2017 (one hundred and twenty-eight years to the day that Elizabeth and Nellie started their race), you and I learned we’d written very similar picture books about their grand adventure. What was it that drew you to this story?

It was cosmic, no? Haha! I still chuckle about that moment. I come from newspaper journalism, and there’s nothing worse than getting scooped! So I nearly fell out of my chair when I read that you’d already locked up a deal for telling the Nellie-Elizabeth story. But I hope our experience shows other writers that there’s room for lots of books on the shelves that cover similar ground. Ruth Bader Ginsburg is the subject of about a dozen recent picture books! So no need to distress!

Absolutely. How could any one book do their story justice? The more the merrier, I say.

I have always wanted to find an angle to tell a Nellie Bly story. She was such a barrier-breaking woman, and since I was drawn to journalism as a girl, she’d been on my radar for years. When I began researching her life, I loved this race with fellow journalist Elizabeth Bisland. It was fun imagining the two of them racing down gangplanks and leaping onto ships, tapestry bag or trunks in tow!

How would you describe Nellie? Elizabeth? Is there one you feel more drawn to? (I adore Nellie, but I relate to Elizabeth.)

You’re on Team Elizabeth! That’s awesome! They’re both so lovely and had so many appealing traits! I definitely identify more with what I saw as Nellie’s slog-it-out style. While Elizabeth seemed the more polished of the two, with her love of poetry and the deeper writing of magazine work, I think Nellie’s background being newspapers made things resonate. I especially identified with her struggle to come up with story ideas, which is something I did all the time on the features desk. 

I saw Nellie as someone who maybe jumped first and thought about details second. And that’s a bit more me. When it comes to writing, I tend to think of it as wrestling alligators. And that seems more in sync with Nellie!

I’m curious. Did you grow up with a Nellie book? (I did. Mine was called The Value of Fairness: The Story of Nellie Bly.) When did you learn about Elizabeth? (I had no idea another woman raced against Nellie until I started my research!)

I was more nosy than bookish as a kid! So I didn’t grow up reading any books about Nellie. But I did read the newspaper (over bowls of Cap’N Crunch at breakfast) and my parents’ magazines, and I remember learning about her and thinking she sounded pretty amazing. I decided at around age eight that I would be a journalist (maybe episodes of Mary Tyler Moore helped?), so Nellie Bly was always referenced as a role model. Fast-forward to adulthood. I’m a big fan of Matt Phelan’s books, so I devoured his 2011 Around the World graphic novel about three circumnavigators, including Nellie. And then two years later, Matthew Goodman’s wonderful Eighty Days: Nellie Bly and Elizabeth Bisland’s History-Making Race Around the World. 

I ADORED Matthew Goodman’s book! It inspired a huge wall chart I used to track where each woman was on what day in her journey. Now I need to find Matt Phelan’s graphic novel.

I felt like the race between these two amazing women needed to be presented to a younger audience. I tend to write for the kid I was.

What do you hope young readers take from Nellie vs. Elizabeth?

I hope young readers take a minute to think about how wide the world used to be, before cell phones and technology made experiences instantaneous. Trains took days to get us from coast to coast, and international travel was challenging and often fraught with storms and seasickness and weeklong delays. Letters were delivered days and even weeks after thoughts were put down on a page. And while the telegraph was revolutionary in connecting us, there were still limits to how much news made its way to the public. Even locally, it took a great deal of effort to get from one American city to another, let alone the other side of the world. So this idea of racing around the world was kind of mind blowing! And for a single individual to make the trek? Even now, that’s pretty exciting. So I hope our books can be used as launching points to discuss how far we’ve come. And what it will be like in the future when we all have our jetpacks.

Thank you so much for joining me today, Kate. Here’s to more kids reading about Nellie and Elizabeth!

For children’s author Claudia Friddell, discovering exciting stories from long ago is a lot like treasure hunting. A former teacher, Claudia loves to share her journeys and joys of bringing history to life through books with students, teachers, and history lovers of all ages. When she’s not visiting schools, digging for treasure in the library, or writing at her home in Baltimore, Claudia is reading, walking, and kayaking on Maryland’s Eastern Shore.

What is your favorite thing about writing narrative nonfiction for young readers?

I love sharing a bit of history with readers that inspires them to think—Wow! I didn’t know that. I want to learn more! There are so many true, yet forgotten stories, about everyday people who have made heroic contributions to our world. Many of these stories are just as amazing as any fictional adventure. As a former elementary teacher, I saw how well-told, beautifully illustrated nonfiction picture books can inspire students to get excited about history and can motivate them to learn more about fascinating people and events from our shared past. That’s what I aspire to do as an author. 

What sources do you use for your books?

I usually start out reading every book and article I can find about my subject. Whenever possible, I try to include the actual words of my main characters in the text. In my upcoming book, To the Front!: Clara Barton Braves the Battle of Antietam, I wove Clara’s lyrical words from her journals and speeches with mine to bring this historic day to life for young readers. I spent lots of time in libraries scrolling through rolls of microfilm to find those words, but also had the convenience of finding source material online through the Library of Congress.

Newspaper interviews and editorials have been important primary sources for my books as well. In Saving Lady Liberty: Joseph Pulitzer’s Fight for the Statue of Liberty, I spent a lot of time in the New York Public Library archives to locate Pulitzer’s powerful editorials from his newspaper, The World. His passionate words inspired thousands of Americans to donate money to the pedestal fund for the Statue of Liberty.

While I love finding and sharing the actual words of my characters, my absolute favorite sources are personal interviews with their relatives. Because I write books about people who lived long ago, finding their relatives isn’t always possible! While researching Grace Banker and Her Hello Girls Answer the Call, I met Grace’s granddaughter, Carolyn Timbie. Finding her was like striking gold! Carolyn was so generous to share a copy of her grandmother’s diary with me. Reading Grace’s exciting account of her experiences as the leader of these pioneering women convinced me to tell their story through Grace’s eyes. It was such an honor to spend time with Carolyn at her family lakeside cabin, one of the places Grace loved most in her later years. There, Carolyn shared family memories and guided me through a treasure trove of her grandmother’s WWI keepsakes. Hopefully, weaving her diary entries into the text made Grace and her telephone operators more relatable for young readers. Having the input and feedback from family members is invaluable!

How does your research continue once you begin writing?

This is a great question! I think some people are surprised to hear that the research continues throughout the entire writing and publication journey. Of course, it always begins as a treasure hunt when I’m searching for my story. This is when the greatest focus is placed on research. After I’ve begun my writing process, it is often necessary to go back and dig deeper into my sources to enrich my story and its characters or to verify the facts in my book. When I have personal sources, I often revisit them while I’m writing to ask new questions. 

Once the story is finished, there is still a lot of research to do to thoroughly complete the back matter. For me, the back matter is just as important as the text of the story. It’s important for a nonfiction book to provide easily accessible supplemental information—a fingertip library— for teachers and librarians. 

Even after the back matter is complete and the book is in the copy editing stage, there are still opportunities for research. My amazing editor, Carolyn Yoder, and the copy editors at Calkins Creek keep me on my toes to make sure all my facts are correct and the information in my back matter is current even after I’ve finished my book. For example, in the time between Saving Lady Liberty’s completion and its publication, one of the replica statues of Lady Liberty cited in my back matter had been moved to a new location. I needed to go back and make that change just before the book went to the printer. It’s a small detail, but it’s important to keep checking for accuracy through the final copy edits. When writing nonfiction, the research never ends.

What are some challenges in writing narrative nonfiction?

One of the greatest challenges in writing narrative nonfiction for young readers is finding a kid-friendly way to bring complicated real-life stories and historical events to life for young readers. For children to care about history, they must feel connected to people who lived in a very different time and place. I’m always looking for ways to make my characters relatable and their accomplishments inspiring for today’s readers.

Another challenge is crafting story arcs for real-life characters and events that read like fiction. For example, in my first book, Goliath, Hero of the Great Baltimore Fire, the fire horse Goliath performs his heroic rescue at the very beginning of the fire. It took a while for me to find a way to tell Goliath’s story without packing all the suspense into the first few pages!

What are some of the most interesting things you’ve learned while researching?

First, I’ll give a few examples of facts I learned that were so interesting, they inspired me to write books about them:

In Saving Lady Liberty, I learned that if not for Pulitzer’s relentless efforts to raise money for Lady Liberty’s pedestal, this iconic national monument would not be standing in New York Harbor today. Before my research, I never knew that the pedestal was funded by the combined coins of everyday Americans across the country and built by immigrants. 

While writing Grace Banker, I discovered that the very first unit of women in the U.S. Army were telephone operators. After their telephone skills helped win the war, they had to battle the U.S. government for sixty more years to gain their veteran status. 

In To the Front! I was interested to learn that Clara Barton was one of the first women granted permission to assist on a battlefield. I was surprised that she had no formal training as a nurse. And while she is recognized as one of the world’s most remarkable humanitarians—few people know she was also a beautiful writer! 

In researching my book Road Trip! (forthcoming in August 2022), I learned that Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, and John Burroughs pioneered the very first recreational camping trips.

And, just for fun, here are a few interesting facts I learned on my researching treasure hunts that make great trivia questions: 

• The New York City celebration for Lady Liberty’s unveiling on October 28, 1886, sparked the very first ticker tape parade. Office boys on Wall Street (who did not have the day off) threw ticker tape from their windows in celebration.
• The World Series is named for Joseph Pulitzer’s newspaper the World—the sponsor for the American baseball tournaments. 
• Clara Barton and Frederick Douglass were close friends who worked together in the fight for civil rights for the formerly enslaved, African Americans, and women. 
• And, for the inventors out there: Henry Ford invented the ‘kitchen on wheels’ car, and Thomas Edison invented string lights to add enjoyment and convenience to their campsites.

Heads up!

Today is the last day for Barnes and Noble’s 25% pre-order campaign. Claudia’s Road Trip! and To the Front! qualify, as do my books Miraculous and Jasper and the Riddle of Riley’s Mine (paperback release coming in June). No more waiting! Click through and use code PREORDER25.